dc.contributor.author | Masmali, Ali M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Murphy, Paul J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Purslow, Christine | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-03-10 13:52:35 (GMT) | |
dc.date.available | 2017-03-10 13:52:35 (GMT) | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-10-25 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11469 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.011 | |
dc.description | The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.011" © 2014. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | en |
dc.description.abstract | Purpose: This paper reports on the development of a new tear ferning (TF) subjective grading scale, and compares it with the Rolando scale.
Method: TF patterns obtained from tear film samples collected from normal and dry eye subjects in previous studies were collated into a large image library. From this library, 60 images were selected to represent the full range of possible TF patterns, and a further sub-set of 15 images was chosen for analysis. Twenty-five optometrists were asked to rank the images in increasing order between extreme anchors on a scale of TF patterns. Interim statistical analysis of this ranking found 7 homogeneous sub-sets, where the image rankings overlapped for a group of images. A representative image (typically the mean) from each group was then adopted as the grade standard. Using this new 7-point grading scale, 25 optometrists were asked to grade the entire 60 image library at two sessions: once using the 4-point Rolando scale and once using the new 7-point scale, applying 0.25 grade unit interpolation. Results: Statistical analysis found that for the larger image set, the Rolando scale produced 3 homogeneous sub-sets, and the 7-point scale produced 5 homogeneous sub-sets. With this refinement, a new 5-point TF scale (Grades 0–4) was obtained. Conclusions: The Rolando grading scale lacks discrimination between its Type I and II grades, reducing its reliability. The new 5-point grading scale is able to differentiate between TF patterns, and may provide additional support for the use of TF for both researcher and clinician. | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | * |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Tear ferning | en |
dc.subject | Dry eye | en |
dc.subject | Grading scale | en |
dc.title | Development of a new grading scale for tear ferning | en |
dc.type | Article | en |
dcterms.bibliographicCitation | Masmali, A. M., Murphy, P. J., & Purslow, C. (2014). Development of a new grading scale for tear ferning. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 37(3), 178–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.011 | en |
uws.contributor.affiliation1 | Faculty of Science | en |
uws.contributor.affiliation2 | School of Optometry and Vision Science | en |
uws.typeOfResource | Text | en |
uws.peerReviewStatus | Reviewed | en |
uws.scholarLevel | Faculty | en |